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单词 Group selection
释义

Group selection

中文百科

族群选择

早期对社会行为的解释,如黑琴鸡的求偶场,常提及「对整体物种的优势」[1]。《求偶场的黑琴鸡》,水彩画,阿奇博尔德·托尔本(Archibald Thorburn)作,1901年
蜜蜂的真社会性可以用亲属选择解释,单双套遗传系统造成工蜂无法繁殖且和蜂后(上图中央)在遗传上非常相近。
人类的发展非常快速,或许是透过基因—文化共演化,形成了图中新加坡马里安曼庙
的哥博林塔。

族群选择是演化的一种机制,是指天择作用在族群而非个体的层级上,主要用在解释动物的利他行为的演化。

依据天择演化,因为利他行为会造成个体的适应度下降,这类行为在族群内的频率下降;但这类行为有利于整个族群的生存,因此带有这种行为的族群数量会提高。若利他行为透过群数量提高的速率高于透过族群内个体下降的速度,这个行为就是透过族群选择来演化。

这个机制在自然界中的重要性仍存在争议,许多生物学家认为这个机制不常发生。因为个体的生命周期普遍短于族群存在的时间长度,因此一般认为个体演化的速率大过族群演化的速率,故族群选择很难运作。

英语百科

Group selection 族群选择

Early explanations of social behavior, such as the lekking of blackcock, spoke of
Social behavior in honeybees is explained by kin selection: their haplodiploid inheritance system makes workers very closely related to their queen (centre).
David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober's 1994 Multilevel Selection Model, illustrated by a nested set of Russian matryoshka dolls. Wilson himself compared his model to such a set.
Humanity has developed extremely rapidly, arguably through gene-culture coevolution, leading to complex cultural artefacts like the gopuram of the Sri Mariammam temple, Singapore.

Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.

Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.

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更新时间:2025/6/21 2:41:20