Then, follicle stimulating hormone causes the granulosa cells to convert the androstenedione into estrogen.

随后，促卵泡生成激素（FSH）促使颗粒细胞将雄烯二酮转化为雌激素。

Pituitary FSH makes the follicles grow and the granulosa cells produce more estrogen.

垂体生成的FSH使卵泡生长，并且使颗粒细胞生成更多的雌激素。

Luteinized granulosa cells secrete inhibin, which inhibits the pituitary gland from making FSH.

黄素化的颗粒细胞会分泌抑制素，抑制垂体生成FSH。

FSH binds to FSH receptors on granulosa cells and they make aromatase and, as a consequence, estrogen.

FSH和颗粒细胞上FSH受体结合，产生芳香酶，进而产生雌激素。

Meanwhile, the primordial follicle turns into a primary follicle, meaning that the follicular cells that surrounding the primary oocyte develop into granulosa cells.

与此同时，包围初级卵母细胞的滤泡细胞分化为颗粒细胞，使始基卵泡变为初级卵泡。

Theca cells make androstenedione, a sex hormone precursor, and granulosa cells use the enzyme aromatase to convert it into estradiol - a member of the estrogen family.

卵泡内膜细胞可以合成雄烯二酮，是性激素的前体；颗粒细胞的芳香酶使它变成雌二醇，是雌激素的一种。

Each follicle is initially made up of an immature sex cell, or primary oocyte, which is the female sex cell, and layers of theca and granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte.

每个卵泡最初是由未成熟的生殖细胞：初级卵母细胞（即女性生殖细胞）和卵母细胞外层的鞘细胞、颗粒细胞组成。

In a graafian follicle, a central cavity called the antrum forms within the follicle, and the granulosa cells secrete a nourishing fluid for the primary oocyte directly into that antrum.

格拉夫卵泡的中间会形成一个空腔叫做卵泡腔，而颗粒细胞会为初级卵母细胞分泌营养液，直接排入卵泡腔。

In a secondary follicle, the primary oocyte is still in the prophase step of meiosis 1, but now the follicle has additional layers of granulosa cells, as well as theca cells.

次级卵泡中的初级卵母细胞还是停留在第一次减数分裂前期，而卵泡多了几层颗粒细胞，以及卵泡内膜细胞。

In addition to estrogen, the granulosa cells also secrete a hormone called activin, which stimulates FSH production, as well as binding to FSH receptors, and the activity of granulosa cell aromatase as well.

除了雌激素，颗粒细胞还会分泌一种激素叫做激活素，它可以刺激FSH的分泌，与FSH受体结合；并且与颗粒细胞芳香酶的活性有关。

FSH acts on the granulosa cells, making the follicles grow and mature, as well as secrete estrogen while LH stimulates theca cells to secrete progesterone and small amounts of androstenedione, which is a precursor of testosterone.

FSH作用于颗粒细胞，使卵泡生长成熟，以及分泌雌激素；而LH刺激卵泡膜细胞分泌孕激素与少量雄烯二酮，后者是睾酮的前体。