Gobioninae is a monophyletic subfamily of Eurasian cyprinid fishes. A species-rich subfamily, it is divided into five tribes: Gobionini, Pseudogobionini, Hemibarbini, Coreiini and Sarcocheilichthyini.

In order to adapt to different masticatory operations, members of Gobioninae developed various types of pharyngeal bones and teeth: some have intermediate pharyngeal bones with rows of diverse teeth (conical, and compressed and coarsely compressed), others have broad pharyngeal bones with a single row of molar teeth. There are also Gobioninae having narrow pharyngeal bones with a row of extremely compressed teeth.