阿瑟·德·戈平瑙（法语：Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau 1816年7月14日－1882年10月13日）法国贵族、小说家。他因在《人种不平等论》中发展了“雅利安人主宰种族”理论而知名。他的思想后来成为德国纳粹党意识形态核心的重要来源之一。

戈平瑙将雅利安人种塑造成高贵和文明的化身，宣扬并且夸大雅利安人对人类文明的贡献。他认为，世界上所有的文明，包括古埃及、中国、墨西哥、秘鲁文明都是由雅利安人所创建的，同时只有白人才是人类始祖亚当的后代。

Joseph Arthur, Comte de Gobineau (14 July 1816 – 13 October 1882) was a French aristocrat who was best known by his contemporaries as a novelist, poet and travel writer but is today most remembered for developing the theory of the Aryan master race and helping to legitimize racism through scientific racist theory and racial demography. Gorbineau was an elitist who, in the immediate aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848 wrote a 1400-page book, An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, in which he claimed that aristocrats were superior to commoners and that they possessed more Aryan genetic traits due to lesser inbreeding with inferior races (e.g. Alpines and Mediterraneans).