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单词 Global dimming
释义

Global dimming

中文百科

全球黯化

云和飞机的凝结尾(NASA图片)。911事件之后,北美上空因为禁飞而使得飞机凝结尾短暂的消失。这段时期里日大气温度变化范围的增加可以说是经验性的说明了这层因航空而来的薄薄的冰云对地球的影响。[26]
根据卫星测量,自1991年皮纳图博火山喷发后,阻隔阳光的气溶胶平均浓度(光学厚度)稳步下降(图中红线所示)。
这幅图显示,一个由5个因子影响的气候模式与历史温度记录有一定程度的一致性。图中标为“硫酸盐”(sulfate)的为负值的因子是和气溶胶排放有关的,而气溶胶被认为是造成全球变暗的重要原因。

全球黯化是指自20世纪50年代以来开展全球系统观测后发现的地球表面接受的直接太阳辐射逐年减少的现象。这个现象虽然会因地点而异,但就全球平均而言,自1960年到1990年的30年间,接收到的直接太阳辐射已经减少了4%。但是在去除1991年的皮纳图博火山喷发造成的异常后,观测到的全球的总趋势又变成是有很小的增加。全球黯化被认为是因为人类活动造成的大气中悬浮颗粒物(比如硫酸盐气溶胶)的增加造成的。全球黯化已经通过减少地表蒸发而干扰到了全球水循环。在一些地区,降水可能也是因此减少。全球黯化效应可能造成了全球变冷效应,从而部分的抵销了一些温室气体造成的全球变暖效应。通过地球工程学的一些手段来精细的操纵这种黯化效应被认为是一条可以减少全球变暖影响的途径。

英语百科

Global dimming 全球黯化

NASA photograph showing aircraft contrails and natural clouds. The temporary disappearance of contrails over North America due to plane groundings after the September 11, 2001 attacks, and the resulting increase in diurnal temperature range gave empirical evidence of the effect of thin ice clouds at the Earth's surface.[26]
Sun-blocking aerosols around the world steadily declined (red line) since the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, according to satellite estimates. Credit: Michael Mishchenko, NASA
This figure shows the level of agreement between a climate model driven by five factors and the historical temperature record. The negative component identified as

Global dimming is the gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth's surface that was observed for several decades after the start of systematic measurements in the 1950s. The effect varies by location, but worldwide it has been estimated to be of the order of a 4% reduction over the three decades from 1960–1990. However, after discounting an anomaly caused by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991, a very slight reversal in the overall trend has been observed.

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更新时间:2025/6/22 18:32:13