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单词 Gimbal lock
释义

Gimbal lock

中文百科

环架锁定

正常状态:三个独立的旋转轴
万向锁:一旦选择±90°作为pitch角,就会导致第一次旋转和第三次旋转等价,整个旋转表示系统被限制在只能绕竖直轴旋转,丢失了一个表示维度。

环架锁定英语:Gimbal lock),也称为万向锁,是使用动态欧拉角表示三维物体的旋转时会出现的问题。

欧拉角有两种:

使用动态欧拉角会出现万向锁现象;静态欧拉角不存在万向锁的问题。

一个典型的万向锁问题可以表述如下:先heading45°再pitch90°,这与先pitch90°再bank45°是等价的。事实上,一旦选择±90°作为pitch角,就会导致第一次旋转和第三次旋转等价,整个旋转表示系统被限制在只能绕竖直轴旋转,丢失了一个表示维度。这种角度为±90°的第二次旋转使得第一次和第三次旋转的旋转轴相同的现象,称作万向锁。

英语百科

Gimbal lock 环架锁定

Gimbal with 3 axes of rotation. A set of three gimbals mounted together to allow three degrees of freedom: roll, pitch and yaw. When two gimbals rotate around the same axis, the system loses one degree of freedom.
Adding a fourth rotational axis can solve the problem of gimbal lock, but it requires the outermost ring to be actively driven so that it stays 90 degrees out of alignment with the innermost axis (the flywheel shaft). Without active driving of the outermost ring, all four axes can become aligned in a plane as shown above, again leading to gimbal lock and inability to roll.
Gimbal locked airplane. When the pitch (green) and yaw (magenta) gimbals become aligned, changes to roll (blue) and yaw apply the same rotation to the airplane.
Normal situation: the three gimbals are independent

Gimbal lock is the loss of one degree of freedom in a three-dimensional, three-gimbal mechanism that occurs when the axes of two of the three gimbals are driven into a parallel configuration, "locking" the system into rotation in a degenerate two-dimensional space.

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更新时间:2025/6/22 15:27:11