Three important experimenters helped develop germ theory.

三位重要的实验者帮助发展了微生物理论。

And what did we believe before and after the germ theory of disease was considered the norm?

在疾病的微生物理论被视为规范之前和之后我们都是怎么以为的？

Many medical professionals were sounding alarm bells that maybe this new germ theory was where it was at.

许多医学专业人士敲响了警钟，出现了新的细菌理论。

Battling disease prior to the germ theory of disease's emergence in the 19th century was also equally misguided.

在19世纪疾病的细菌理论出现之前与疾病作斗争同样是错误的。

So we continue to see the benefits of collective learning dating all the way back to the original conceivers of germ theory.

所以我们继续目睹着集体学习的好处，这可以追溯到微生物理论的最初构想。

Germ theory Another (counterintuitive) idea is that the contrasting mind-sets are an evolved response to germs.

细菌理论 另一个（违反直觉的）想法是，截然不同的心态是对细菌的进化反应。

It was Pasteur's' germ theory' that gave bacteria the poor image that endures today.

正是巴斯德的“细菌学说”给细菌留下了糟糕的印象，直到今天仍然存在。

From disease, even before we knew about germ theory, it was clear that there were certain things that we could do to avoid getting sick.

就疾病而言，甚至在我们了解细菌理论之前，我们就已经清楚地知道，我们可以做一些事情来避免生病。

But the germ theory of infection, developed in the 19th century, knocked on the head the idea that it is the air itself which causes illness.

但19世纪发展起来的细菌感染理论推翻了空气本身导致疾病的观点。

Pasteur's germ theory of fermentation goes a little deeper than the five second rule, but some researchers in Britain say that rule is not entirely an urban myth.

巴斯德的微生物发酵理论相比5秒规则只是稍微深入, 但一些英国的研究人员表示这个规则并不完全是一个都市神话。

Major contributions to germ theory also came from prolific scientist Louis Pasteur, whose study of microorganisms led to the development of the first vaccines.

对细菌理论的主要贡献也来自多产的科学家路易斯·巴斯德，他对微生物的研究导致了第一批疫苗的开发。

Early microscopes had revealed the existence of tiny microorganisms, and they proposed that it was actually these germs that cause diseases, hence the name germ theory.

早期的显微镜已经揭示了微小微生物的存在，他们提出实际上是这些病菌导致了疾病，因此得名病菌学说。

The third important contributor to germ theory was British physician Joseph Lister who read Pasteur's research and conducted an experiment of his own: disinfecting bandages, medical instruments, and spaces where patients were seen.

细菌理论的第三个重要贡献者是英国医生约瑟夫·李斯特，他读了巴斯德的研究，并进行了他自己的实验：对绷带、医疗器械和病人所在的空间进行消毒。

Dr. Snow strongly recommended shutting down the pump, and because he knew how unpopular germ theory was, he suggested that cholera was spread through a poison in the water instead of microorganisms, when presenting his case to governmental officials.

斯诺博士强烈建议关闭水泵，因为他知道细菌理论是多么不受欢迎，所以在向政府官员陈述他的情况时，他建议霍乱是通过水中的毒物而不是微生物传播的。