地理学（英语：Geography）是关于地球及其特征、居民和现象的学问。

英语：geography的字根来自古希腊语：γεωγραφία（Geographia），由geo（原意为大地）和graphein（意为“写”），字面意思为对大地的描述。最早使用Geography的人为埃拉托斯特尼，他用此词来表示研究地表景物的学问。

中国古代称舆地，地理则是指风水学。日本在明治维新后，将英语：Geography译为地理，之后传入中国。

1902年，光绪皇帝接受吏部尚书张百熙建议，颁布〈钦定学堂章程〉，其中寻常小学课目中，有史学、舆地二项。张百熙派吴汝纶赴日本考察教育后，1903年，负责教育改革的张百熙、***、荣庆向皇帝建议重订学堂章程。在重订章程后，寻常小学依日本语改称初等小学，而史学、舆地二科，则改称历史、地理。之后，地理这个名词在美国流行。

Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia, literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth. The first person to use the word "γεωγραφία" was Eratosthenes (276–194 BC). Four historical traditions in geographical research are spatial analysis of the natural and the human phenomena (geography as the study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of the human-land relationship, and research in the Earth sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the Earth and all of its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical science". Geography is divided into two main branches: human geography and physical geography.