镇痛剂肾病(Analgesic nephropathy)是由镇痛药，比如阿司匹林、非那西汀、对乙酰氨基酚等所诱发的肾脏损伤疾病。镇痛剂肾病这个词语通常是指来自于过度使用这些镇痛药物的组合，特别是包括非那西丁的药物组合。它也可以被用于描述来自于任何单一镇痛药物所引起的肾脏损伤。

由镇痛药所诱发的特异性肾损伤为肾乳头坏死及慢性间质性肾炎。它们出现肾血流量(renal blood flow)的减少、抗氧化剂的快速消耗，以及随后的氧化损伤肾脏的结果等现象。肾损害可能导致进行性的慢性肾功能衰竭、异常尿液分析现象、高血压，及贫血。一小部分具有镇痛剂肾病的病患可能发展为终末期肾病。

Analgesic nephropathy is injury to the kidney caused by analgesic medications such as aspirin, phenacetin, and paracetamol. The term usually refers to damage induced by excessive use of combinations of these medications, especially combinations that include phenacetin. It may also be used to describe kidney injury from any single analgesic medication.