燃气涡轮机车是燃气轮机驱动的铁路机车。燃气轮机能使用较为劣质的燃料，如重油等。因此对能源的适应性比内燃机车强。又因为不需要水，可在低气压的高原环境工作，环境适应性比内燃机车和蒸汽机车强。

燃气涡轮机车于第二次世界大战时期开始试验，但早于1950、60年代已达高峰期。随着燃料价格飙升（石油危机），发现重油裂解为汽油的方法，燃气轮机车丧失了廉价的燃料，燃气涡轮机车已逐渐淡出。

至今俄罗斯仍然进行燃气轮机车的研究和生产，2007年新出产了名为 GT1-001 的燃气涡轮机车，出力达11000匹马力，在俄国广大的领土中某些天然资源特异的路线，能沿路使用一些重工厂的劣质残余油，此情况下燃气涡轮机车依然有竞争力。

This article is about gas turbine locomotives with mechanical transmission

A Gas turbine locomotive is a locomotive powered by a gas turbine. The majority of gas turbine locomotives have had electric transmission but mechanical transmission has also been used, particularly in the early days. The advantage of using gas turbines is that they have very high power-to-bulk and power-to-weight ratios. The disadvantage is that gas turbines generally have lower thermal efficiency than diesel engines, especially when running at less than full load.