石斑鱼（英语：Grouper）泛指鲈形目鮨科石斑鱼亚科里的各属鱼类。

并非所有鮨科鱼都被称为「石斑鱼」；该科鱼类还包括鲈鱼。石斑鱼通常指两大属鱼类：石斑鱼属及喙鲈属。除此以外，Anyperidon属、驼背鲈属、鳞鮨属、纤齿鲈属、贫鲙属及鲙属的鱼类也会被称为石斑鱼，而鳃棘鲈属的鱼类则被称为珊瑚斑鱼。不过，某些鸳鸳鮨属、九棘鲈属、侧牙鲈属、角纹鮨属、东洋鲈属、副花鮨属等属于石斑鱼亚科鱼，及个别的其他鮨科鱼类，有时也会被冠上石斑鱼的称号。

石斑鱼的英语名称 grouper 来自于葡萄牙语 garoupa 一词，跟英语里的 group （团体）无关。

Groupers are fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, in the order Perciformes.

Not all serranids are called groupers; the family also includes the sea basses. The common name grouper is usually given to fish in one of two large genera: Epinephelus and Mycteroperca. In addition, the species classified in the small genera Anyperidon, Cromileptes, Dermatolepis, Gracila, Saloptia, and Triso are also called groupers. Fish in the genus Plectropomus are referred to as coralgroupers. These genera are all classified in the subfamily Epiphelinae. However, some of the hamlets (genus Alphestes), the hinds (genus Cephalopholis), the lyretails (genus Variola) and some other small genera (Gonioplectrus, Niphon, Paranthias) are also in this subfamily, and occasional species in other serranid genera have common names involving the word "grouper". Nonetheless, the word "grouper" on its own is usually taken as meaning the subfamily Epinephelinae.