配子（英语：Gamete）是单倍体细胞，它由行有性生殖的生物在特定的器官通过减数分裂产生。两性配子通过配子结合 产生合子。

有性生殖的好处是遗传信息的重组，这也是物种内遗传信息的多样性的由来，当自体受精被阻止时，效果就更明显。这是通过交配类型的不同（即：性别）实现的。个体和该个体产生的配子属于同种性别，而同种性别的配子是不能融合的。性别体现在生理方面，有时也体现在外形上（请见异形配子）。大部分种属有两种性别，但也有种有两种以上的性别。

在较原始的生命形式例如单细胞鞭毛虫，它们的配子外形与其他正常相似无异。但是在一些多细胞藻类，相互之间能融合的配子则是外貌上难以被区分，它们被称为同形配子，这种配子的融合被称做同配生殖。其实同形配子在生理上是有分别的，就是说它俩属于不同的交配类型。人们为了以示区别，将两者分别命名为+配子和-配子。

A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry") is a cell that fuses with another cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete—called an ovum (or egg)—and a male produces the smaller tadpole-like type—called a sperm. This is an example of anisogamy or heterogamy, the condition in which females and males produce gametes of different sizes (this is the case in humans; the human ovum has approximately 100,000 times the volume of a single human sperm cell). In contrast, isogamy is the state of gametes from both sexes being the same size and shape, and given arbitrary designators for mating type. The name gamete was introduced by the Austrian biologist Gregor Mendel. Gametes carry half the genetic information of an individual, one ploidy of each type, and are created through meiosis.