伽利略号（英语：Galileo）是美国太空总署一艘无人太空船，专门用作研究木星及其卫星。它以文艺复兴时期意大利天文学家伽利略的名字来命名，于****年10月18日由穿梭机亚特兰蒂斯号运送升空，任务名称为STS-34，它于1995年12月7日接近木星。

伽利略号是首个围绕木星公转，对木星大气作出探测的太空船。在前往木星的旅程中，它发现了首个属于小行星的卫星。

由于燃料的消耗，且在发射前并未通过无菌处理，为免与木卫二碰撞，造成污染，伽利略号被安排撞向木星摧毁，它于2003年9月21日以每秒50公里的速度坠落木星大气层，结束它长达14年的任务。

Galileo was an unmanned spacecraft that studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as several other Solar System bodies. Named after the astronomer Galileo Galilei, it consisted of an orbiter and entry probe. It was launched on October 18, ****, carried by Space Shuttle Atlantis, on the STS-34 mission. Galileo arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, after gravitational assist flybys of Venus and Earth, and became the first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter. It launched the first probe into Jupiter, directly measuring its atmosphere. Despite suffering major antenna problems, Galileo achieved the first asteroid flyby, of 951 Gaspra, and discovered the first asteroid moon, Dactyl, around 243 Ida. In 1994, Galileo observed Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9's collision with Jupiter. The spacecraft was an international effort by the United States of America and the Federal Republic of Germany.