梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)是一个小类群的革兰氏阴性细菌。其中梭杆菌属（Fusobacterium）常见于消化道，是口腔菌群之一，也可导致一些疾病。

今年10月份，两个研究小组发布了几乎相同的研究报告，指出一种叫做“梭杆菌”的稀有生存在人体肠道的细菌在结肠癌细胞中处于异常活跃状态，表明它与结肠癌高发病率具有一定的联系。对比健康的结肠组织和癌细胞，研究人员发现癌细胞中的梭杆菌数量是健康结肠组织的数百倍。

这是首次证实梭杆菌与癌症具有相关性，但此前的研究发现这些微细菌可导致溃疡性结肠炎高发病率。

Fusobacteria are obligately anaerobic non-sporeforming Gram-negative bacilli. Since the first reports in the late nineteenth century, various names have been applied to these organisms, sometimes with the same name being applied to different species. More recently, not only have there been changes to the nomenclature, but also attempts to differentiate between species which are believed to be either pathogenic or commensal or both. Because of their asaccharolytic nature, and a general paucity of positive results in routine biochemical tests, laboratory identification of the fusobacteria has been difficult. However, the application of novel molecular biological techniques to taxonomy has established a number of new species, together with the subspeciation of Fusobacterium necrophorum and F. nucleatum, and provided new methods for identification. The involvement of fusobacteria in a wide spectrum of human infections causing tissue necrosis and septicaemia has long been recognised, and, more recently, their importance in intra-amniotic infections, premature labour and tropical ulcers has been reported.