基本归因谬误（英语：Fundamental Attribution Error）是说人在解释别人的行为原因时，有时倾向归因于个人内在特质（一定是他有这样的人格，才做出这样的行为），而非外在情境因素（也许是情势所迫，或这个场所有特殊的潜规则）。最典型的例子是: 自己成功是因为自己努力，别人成功是因为那个人幸运；别人失败是因为那个人不够努力，自己失败则是因为自己不幸。

In social psychology, the fundamental attribution error, also known as the correspondence bias or attribution effect, is the tendency for people to place an undue emphasis on internal characteristics (personality) to explain someone else's behavior in a given situation rather than considering the situation's external factors. It does not explain interpretations of one's own behavior, where situational factors are more easily recognized and can thus be taken into consideration.