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单词 Function theory
释义

Function theory

英语百科

Function (mathematics)

A function f takes an input x, and returns a single output  f(x). One metaphor describes the function as a
The red curve is the graph of a function f in the Cartesian plane, consisting of all points with coordinates of the form (x,f(x)).  The property of having one output for each input is represented geometrically by the fact that each vertical line (such as the yellow line through the origin) has exactly one crossing point with the curve.
A function that associates to any of the four colored shapes its color.
The above diagram represents a function with domain 1, 2, 3, codomain A, B, C, D and set of ordered pairs (1,D), (2,C), (3,C). The image is C,D.
However, this second diagram does not represent a function. One reason is that 2 is the first element in more than one ordered pair.  In particular, (2, B) and (2, C) are both elements of the set of ordered pairs.  Another reason, sufficient by itself, is that 3 is not the first element (input) for any ordered pair. A third reason, likewise, is that 4 is not the first element of any ordered pair.

In mathematics, a function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the property that each input is related to exactly one output. An example is the function that relates each real number x to its square x. The output of a function f corresponding to an input x is denoted by f(x) (read "f of x"). In this example, if the input is 3, then the output is 9, and we may write f(3) = 9. Likewise, if the input is 3, then the output is also 9, and we may write f(3) = 9. (The same output may be produced by more than one input, but each input gives only one output.) The input variable(s) are sometimes referred to as the argument(s) of the function.

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更新时间:2025/6/19 5:21:09