Kitty must have carbon free energy.

凯蒂必须拥有无碳能源。

Today, we call this Gibbs free energy or sometimes the standard free energy or simply free energy of the system.

今天， 我们称其为吉布斯自由能或有时称为标准自由能或简称为系统的自由能。

The struggle between life elements is the struggle for the free energy of a system.

生命元素之间的斗争，就是对一个系统的自由能的争夺。

Each one that shuts down, it's like a half a gig to a gigawatt of of mostly carbon free energy gone from the grid.

每一个关闭，就会有0.5到10亿瓦的大部分无碳能源从电网中消失。

Like enthalpy or entropy, Gibbs free energy is a state function, so it can be calculated the same way.

与焓或熵一样， 吉布斯自由能是一个状态函数， 因此可以用相同的方式计算。

Like enthalpy and entropy, we can't directly the free energy change of the whole reaction.

像焓和熵一样， 我们不能直接表示整个反应的自由能变化。

We simply substitute " Delta G, " which stands for Gibbs free energy, for " Delta H" or " S."

我们只需用代表吉布斯自由能的“Delta G” 代替“Delta H” 或“S” 。

Both of these constants have a lot to do with the energy the reaction can release, or its Gibbs free energy.

这两个常数都与反应释放的能量或吉布斯自由能有很大关系。

But what if you don't know the standard free energies of formation for the products and reactants?

但是，如果您不知道产物和反应物的标准生成自由能怎么办？

The standard free energy change of formation for a compound, then, is just the difference between its standard free energy and that baseline.

那么，化合物的标准自由能形成变化就是其标准自由能与基线之间的差异。

We need to find alternative forms of energy to meet Morocco's needs, and the best is solar. It's free energy that is unlimited, available and abundant in Morocco.

我们需要找到替代能源来满足摩洛哥的需求, 最好的就是太阳能。这是免费而且是取之不尽用之不竭的能源, 摩洛哥十分充足。

Like all that wasn't enough, he had time to have an ambitious goal to make wireless communications and limitless free energy available to everybody.

但这还不够，他有时间制定一个雄心勃勃的目标，让每个人都能获得无线通信和无限的免费能源。

So if the value for " Delta G" is negative, that is if the free energy decreases, the reaction is spontaneous.

因此，如果“Delta G” 的值为负，即如果自由能降低， 则反应是自发的。

And ever since she's shaved her head, she's felt like this freeing energy of beauty and being a woman that like, you don't have to follow what people think beauty is.

自从她剃了光头之后，她就感受到一种美丽的自由能量，作为一个女人，你不必跟随人们对美丽的看法。

The standard free energy of formation, written like this, is the change of free energy that occurs when a substance is formed from its elements at a standard state.

标准形成自由能， 这样写，是物质在标准状态下由其元素形成时发生的自由能变化。

So scientists created a baseline by setting the standard free energy change of formation for an element in its most stable form at standard state to zero.

因此，科学家通过将标准状态下最稳定形式的元素的标准自由能形成变化设置为零来创建基线。

A large change in enthalpy can determine the direction of a free energy change, even if the entropy changes in the opposite direction, and vice versa.

焓的大变化可以决定自由能变化的方向，即使熵的变化方向相反， 反之亦然。

Using Gibbs Formula and plugging in the numbers we've calculated so far, we see that the Gibbs free energy for this reaction is negative 11 kilojoules.

使用吉布斯公式并代入我们目前计算的数字，我们看到该反应的吉布斯自由能为负 11 千焦耳。

He had no longer free energy enough for spontaneous research and speculative thinking, but by the bedside of patients, the direct external calls on his judgment and sympathies brought the added impulse needed to draw him out of himself.

他不再有足够的自由能量来进行自发的研究和推测性思考，但在病人的床边，对他的判断和同情的直接外部呼唤带来了将他从自我中拉出来所需的额外冲动。