在这篇文章内，矢量与标量分别用粗体与斜体显示。例如，位置矢量通常用表示；而其大小则用来表示。

四维速度（英语：Four-velocity）是指物理学中，特别是狭义相对论和广义相对论中，一个物体的四维速度是取代经典意义上的速度（三维矢量）的四维矢量（四维时空中的矢量）。选取四维速度的原因是四维速度在洛伦兹变换下是协变的，而三维速度不是；换句话说，这幺选取可以使光速在任意惯性系下保持不变。

相对论理论中一个事件是在四维时空内的坐标描述的，一个物体在时空中运动产生的轨迹曲线是通过固有时这个参数实现参数化的，而这条曲线称作世界线。四维速度是一维时间与三维空间坐标对固有时的改变率所构成的矢量，同时也是世界线的切向矢量。

In physics, in particular in special relativity and general relativity, a four-velocity is a four-vector in four-dimensional spacetime that represents the relativistic counterpart of velocity, which is a three-dimensional vector in space.

Physical events correspond to mathematical points in time and space, the set of all of them together forming a mathematical model of physical four-dimensional spacetime. The history of an object traces a curve in spacetime, called its world line. If the object is massive, so that its speed is less than the speed of light, the world line may be parametrized by the proper time of the object. The four-velocity is the rate of change of four-position with respect to the proper time along the curve. The velocity, in contrast, is the rate of change of the position in (three-dimensional) space of the object, as seen by an observer, with respect to the observer's time.