雌二醇（Estradiol，E2）是卵巢分泌的类固醇激素。是主要的雌性激素，负责调节女性特征、附属性器官的成熟和月经-排卵周期，促进乳腺导管系统的产生。雌二醇等雌激素的血清浓度在月经周期中周期变化，除去卵泡期早期，生育年龄女性雌二醇的血清浓度略高于雌酮，为浓度水平最高的雌激素。怀孕期间血清浓度高的是雌三醇，更年期是雌酮。三种激素在体内可相互转化，其它两者可看做雌二醇的代谢产物。雌二醇在男性体内作为睾酮的代谢产物同样存在，其血清浓度（< 35 pg/mL）相当于绝经后的妇女。雌二醇与雌酮可相互转化。雌二醇不仅对生殖和性功能有重要作用，也影响例如骨骼的其它器官。

Estradiol, or more precisely, 17β-estradiol, is a steroid and estrogen sex hormone, and the primary female sex hormone. It is named for and is important in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is essential for the development and maintenance of female reproductive tissues but it also has important effects in many other tissues including bone. While estrogen levels in men are lower compared to women, estrogens have essential functions in men as well. Estradiol is found in most vertebrates as well as many crustaceans, insects, fish, and other animal species.