荧光原位杂交（fluorescent in situ hybridization，FISH） 是一种细胞遗传学技术，可以用来对核酸进行检测和定位。荧光标记的核酸探针只和具有高度相似性的核酸杂交，可用于染色体上基因的定位，或在分子生态学中用来标记不同分类细菌或古菌中的核糖体RNA。

在医院的妇产科或相关检验所中，会利用荧光原位杂交技术来判别胎儿的染色体是否正常。

对于利用rRNA的荧光原位杂交来说，如下原因可导致较低的荧光信号强度：

为检验细胞中的目标串行是否容易被探针杂交，及测试最佳杂交温度，可利用“克隆荧光原位杂交”(clone-FISH)进行试验：将rRNA基因结合入质粒，转化至大肠杆菌中表达，构成核糖体，再用荧光标记的探针杂交。

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of the chromosome with a high degree of sequence complementarity. It was developed by biomedical researchers in the early 1980s and is used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes. Fluorescence microscopy can be used to find out where the fluorescent probe is bound to the chromosomes. FISH is often used for finding specific features in DNA for use in genetic counseling, medicine, and species identification. FISH can also be used to detect and localize specific RNA targets (mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA) in cells, circulating tumor cells, and tissue samples. In this context, it can help define the spatial-temporal patterns of gene expression within cells and tissues.