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单词 First order predicate logic
释义

First order predicate logic

中文百科

一阶逻辑 First-order logic

(重定向自First order predicate logic)

一阶逻辑是使用于数学、哲学、语言学及计算机科学中的一种形式系统。

过去一百多年,一阶逻辑出现过许多种名称,包括:一阶断言演算低级断言演算量化理论或断言逻辑(一个较不精确的用词)。一阶逻辑和命题逻辑的不同之处在于,一阶逻辑有使用量化变量。一个一阶逻辑,若具有由一系列量化变量、一个以上有意义的断言字母及包含了有意义的断言字母的纯公理所组成的特定论域,即是一个一阶理论。

一阶逻辑和其他高端逻辑不同之处在于,高端逻辑的断言可以有断言或函数当做引数,且允许断言量词或函数量词的(同时或不同时)存在。在一阶逻辑中,断言通常和集合相关连。在有意义的高端逻辑中,断言则会被解释为集合的集合。

英语百科

First-order logic 一阶逻辑

(重定向自First order predicate logic)
1. ∀x ∃y L(y,x):Everyone is loved by someone.
2. ∀x ∃y L(x,y):Everyone loves someone.
5. ∃x L(x,x):Someone loves him/herself.
6. ∀x L(x,x):Everyone loves him/herself.

First-order logic is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. It is also known as first-order predicate calculus, the lower predicate calculus, quantification theory, and predicate logic. First-order logic uses quantified variables over (non-logical) objects. It allows the use of sentences that contain variables, so that rather than propositions such as Socrates is a man one can have expressions in the form X is a man where X is a variable. This distinguishes it from propositional logic, which does not use quantifiers.

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更新时间:2025/6/20 12:49:09