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单词 Finite difference method
释义

Finite difference method

中文百科

有限差分法

有限差分法是以在格点上函数的值为准
热传导方程最常用显式方法的模版
隐式方法的模版
克兰克-尼科尔森方法的模版

在数学中,有限差分法finite-difference methods,简称FDM),是一种微分方程数值方法,是通过有限差分来近似导数,从而寻求微分方程的近似解。

首先假设要近似函数的各级导数都有良好的性质,依照泰勒定理,可以形成以下的泰勒展开式:

f(x_0 + h) = f(x_0) + \frac{f'(x_0)}{1!}h + \frac{f^{(2)}(x_0)}{2!}h^2 + \cdots + \frac{f^{(n)}(x_0)}{n!}h^n + R_n(x),

其中n!表示是n的阶乘,Rn(x)为余数,表示泰勒多项式和原函数之间的差。可以推导函数f一阶导数的近似值:

f(x_0 + h) = f(x_0) + f'(x_0)h + R_1(x),

设置x0=a,可得:

f(a+h) = f(a) + f'(a)h + R_1(x),

除以h可得:

{f(a+h)\over h} = {f(a)\over h} + f'(a)+{R_1(x)\over h}

求解f'(a):

f'(a) = {f(a+h)-f(a)\over h} - {R_1(x)\over h}

假设R_1(x)相当小,因此可以将"f"的一阶导数近似为:

f'(a)\approx {f(a+h)-f(a)\over h}.
英语百科

Finite difference method 有限差分法

The finite difference method relies on discretizing a function on a grid.
The stencil for the most common explicit method for the heat equation.
The implicit method stencil.

In mathematics, finite-difference methods (FDM) are numerical methods for solving differential equations by approximating them with difference equations, in which finite differences approximate the derivatives. FDMs are thus discretization methods.

Today, FDMs are the dominant approach to numerical solutions of partial differential equations.

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更新时间:2025/6/17 15:30:49