无力偿付，亦称资不抵债，是指债务人失去了支付债务的偿付能力。

无力偿付与破产相关但是不同。破产指法律确定的无力偿付和相关的破产解决方式。通常债务方发现无力偿付而申请破产保护；或债权方把债务方带上法庭企图强迫偿付或扣押债务方财产。

传统上，债权方把债务方带上法律，强迫债务方偿付，即使债务方需要拍卖财产。这种清算可能对债务方造成很大经济伤害，债务方可能只是有短期的资金流动问题。现在，为了扶助债务方的安宁或继续营业，许多国家的破产法设有破产保护等制度，让债务方用非清算手段来解决无力偿付，比如债务重组。各个地区的法律不同，有些地区还是要求无力偿付的公司停止经营。

Insolvency is the state of being unable to pay the money owed, by a person or company, on time; those in a state of insolvency are said to be insolvent. There are two forms: cash-flow insolvency and balance-sheet insolvency.

Cash-flow insolvency is when a person or company has enough assets to pay what is owed, but does not have the appropriate form of payment. For example, a person may own a large house and a valuable car, but not have enough liquid assets to pay a debt when it falls due. Cash-flow insolvency can usually be resolved by negotiation. For example, the bill collector may wait until the car is sold and the debtor agrees to pay a penalty.