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单词 Fifth Postulate
释义

Fifth Postulate

中文百科

平行公设 Parallel postulate

(重定向自Fifth Postulate)
如果α和β的内角和小于180°,则两直线不断延伸,在这一侧相交。

平行公设英语:Parallel postulate),也称为欧几里得第五公设,因是《几何原本》五条公设的第五条而得名。这是欧几里得几何一条与别不同的公理,比前四条复杂。公设是说:

假定所有欧几里得公设(当中包括平行公设)都成立的几何称为欧几里得几何。假定平行公设不成立的称为非欧几里得几何。不依赖于平行公设的几何,也就是只假设前四条公设的,称为仿射几何。

欧几里得几何的有些性质与平行公设等价,也就是假设平行公设成立,可推导出这些性质,反过来假设这些性质的一项为公理,也可以推导出平行公设。其中最重要的一项,也是最常作为公理代替平行公设的,要算是苏格兰数学家约翰·普莱费尔提出的普莱费尔公理:

英语百科

Parallel postulate 平行公设

(重定向自Fifth Postulate)
If the sum of the interior angles α and β is less than 180°, the two straight lines, produced indefinitely, meet on that side.
Euclidean, elliptical and hyperbolic geometry. The Parallel Postulate is satisfied only for models of Euclidean geometry.
The converse of the parallel postulate: If the sum of the two interior angles equals 180°, then the lines are parallel and will never intersect.
Quinto postulado de Euclides: Las rectas, al prolongarse, se intersecan.

In geometry, the parallel postulate, also called Euclid's fifth postulate because it is the fifth postulate in Euclid's Elements, is a distinctive axiom in Euclidean geometry. It states that, in two-dimensional geometry:

If a line segment intersects two straight lines forming two interior angles on the same side that sum to less than two right angles, then the two lines, if extended indefinitely, meet on that side on which the angles sum to less than two right angles.

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更新时间:2025/6/18 2:06:36