采邑制是欧洲在封建时代，尤其是中世纪早期在西欧地区主要实施的一种土地占有制度。

采邑制最初是查理·马特在担任法兰克王国的宫相期间（715年─741年）实施的。以前墨洛温王朝时土地都是无条件分赠的，而采邑制则将土地及其上面的农民一起作为采邑分封给有功劳的人，以服骑兵役为条件，供其终身享用，但是不能世袭。

到了查理·马特的儿子矮子丕平时，把大部分土地当作采邑分封给臣下；查理大帝也把通过战争夺来的土地分封给有功将领，这样使得采邑遍及全国。英国则从威廉一世开始也实行采邑制，规定每个骑士采邑供养一名骑士，为国王服兵役。

A fief (Latin:feudum) was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty (or "in fee") in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service, usually given by the personal ceremonies of homage and fealty. The fees were often lands or revenue-producing real property held in feudal land tenure: these are typically known as fiefs or fiefdoms. However, not only land but anything of value could be held in fee, including governmental office, rights of exploitation such as hunting or fishing, monopolies in trade, and tax farms.