农作物，或常被称为作物，又称农艺作物，俗称庄稼，是泛指在大量培植供人食用或做工业原料的物种，是由野生植物经过人类不断的选择、驯化、利用、演化而来的具有经济价值的被人们所栽培的一切植物。目前世界上被人们所栽培的植物约1500种，依其应用及研究方式不同，常见多种不同的分类方式，例如食用作物、特用作物、杂用作物等。

广义上农作物可分为大田作物、园艺作物、林木三类，包括所有栽培植物，如大田作物，果树，蔬菜，观赏、药用植物，林木等。对这种广义的作物进行栽培与管理即种植业。

狭义上农作物专指大田作物（field crops），即在田间进行大面积栽培的农艺作物，包括粮、棉、油、麻、丝、茶、糖、烟和饲料等。对这种狭义的作物进行栽培与管理即作物栽培。

A crop is any cultivated plant, fungus, or alga that is harvested for food, clothing, livestock fodder, biofuel, medicine, or other uses. In contrast, animals that are raised by humans are called livestock, except those that are kept as pets. Microbes, such as bacteria or viruses, are referred to as cultures. Microbes are not typically grown for food, but are rather used to alter food. For example, bacteria are used to ferment milk to produce yogurt.