范康尼氏症候群(Fanconi syndrome、范科尼氏症候群、范科尼氏综合征)是一种肾脏近曲小管(Proximal convoluted tubule)的疾病， 病征在于其中的葡萄糖，氨基酸，尿酸，磷酸盐和碳酸氢盐被传递到尿液，而不是被重新吸收。范康尼氏症候群影响肾单位的近曲小管，而近曲小管是用来处理流体是通过肾小球过滤管部的第一部分。而范康尼氏症候群可以由药物或重金属所产生或引起。

不同形式的范康尼氏症候群可能影响近曲小管的不同功能，并导致不同的并发症。碳酸氢盐的遗失会导致"第二型范康尼氏症候群"或肾小管性酸中毒(Renal tubular acidosis)。而磷酸盐的损失会导致骨骼的佝偻病(即使有充足的维生素D和钙)，因为磷酸盐是必要的骨骼生长元素。

Fanconi syndrome (also known as Fanconi's syndrome) is a disease of the proximal renal tubules of the kidney in which glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and bicarbonate are passed into the urine, instead of being reabsorbed. Fanconi syndrome affects the proximal tubule, which is the first part of the tubule to process fluid after it is filtered through the glomerulus. It may be inherited, or caused by drugs or heavy metals.