公平税是一个美国联邦税法的提议，它将用一个简单的全国销售税来取代所有的联邦所得税。这个计划已经被做为公平税法案(H.R. 25/S. 296)提交美国国会了。这个税法将只对个人消费购买的一切新商品或服务征收一次税。这个消费税含税税率在法案里面定为总消费额的23%(每100美元征收23美元的税—总共100美元)。这相当于原来30%的消费税(每77美元征收23美元的税—总共100美元)。

因为有退税的考虑，公平税在消费方面是累进的，但对高收入阶层来说就成了累退的(因为消费相对收入下降很多)。反对者认为这将因此降低美国高收入者的税收负担并将负担转移到美国中产阶级身上。支持者认为，该法案将通过扩大税收基础来减少税收负担，征税更加有效率，并增加购买力。支持者也认为消费税将对储蓄和投资有积极的影响，并通过简化税收来降低税收成本，促进经济增长，促使国际商务扎根美国，并增加美国的国际贸易竞争力。反对者争论说这样大的消费税将很难征收，并将导致普遍的逃税。他们还认为提议的销售税将征收比现有税收体系更少的税，将导致财政赤字进一步增加。

The FairTax is a proposal to reform the federal tax code of the United States. It would replace all federal income taxes (including the alternative minimum tax, corporate income taxes, and capital gains taxes), payroll taxes (including Social Security and Medicare taxes), gift taxes, and estate taxes with a single broad national consumption tax on retail sales. The Fair Tax Act (H.R. 25/S. 155) would apply a tax, once, at the point of purchase on all new goods and services for personal consumption. The proposal also calls for a monthly payment to all family households of lawful U.S. residents as an advance rebate, or "prebate", of tax on purchases up to the poverty level. First introduced into the United States Congress in 1999, a number of congressional committees have heard testimony on the bill; however, it has not moved from committee and has yet to have any effect on the tax system. In recent years, a tax reform movement has formed behind the FairTax proposal. Attention increased after talk radio personality Neal Boortz and Georgia Congressman John Linder published The FairTax Book in 2005 and additional visibility was gained in the 2008 presidential campaign.