要素价格均等化（英语：Factor price equalization），又称要素价格均等化理论（Factor-price equalization Theory）、要素价格均等化定理（The Factor-Price Equalization Theorem），经济学理论。这个理论认为，通过国际贸易下的商品交换，各个交易国的内部生产要素价格，如工资，将会趋于一致。这个理论是赫克歇尔-奥林模型推导出来的结果之一，1948年由保罗·萨缪尔森首次提出。

Factor price equalization is an economic theory, by Paul A. Samuelson (1948), which states that the prices of identical factors of production, such as the wage rate, or the rent of capital, will be equalized across countries as a result of international trade in commodities. The theorem assumes that there are two goods and two factors of production, for example capital and labour. Other key assumptions of the theorem are that each country faces the same commodity prices, because of free trade in commodities, uses the same technology for production, and produces both goods. Crucially these assumptions result in factor prices being equalized across countries without the need for factor mobility, such as migration of labor or capital flows.