阿瓦拉慈龙科（Alvarezsauridae）是群充满谜题的小型、长后肢、善于奔跑的恐龙。牠们起初被认为代表原始的无法飞行鸟类，但最近的研究显示牠们是群原始的手盗龙形类。阿瓦拉慈龙类恐龙有高度特化的特征，前肢适合挖掘或撕裂、颌部延长、以及微小的牙齿。牠们已演化成以群居昆虫为食，例如白蚁。阿瓦拉慈龙科通常可从以下特征辨别出来：形状平滑的修长头部、短而强壮的手臂、以及一个大型指爪。

阿瓦拉慈龙科与阿瓦拉慈龙等名词，都以历史学家阿瓦拉慈博士（Don Gregorio Alvarez）为名，而非以更著名的物理学家路易斯·阿弗雷兹（Luis Alvarez）为名；路易斯·阿弗雷兹曾提出白垩纪-第三纪灭绝事件假说，并由撞击事件所造成。

Alvarezsauridae is a family of small, long-legged running dinosaurs. Although originally thought to represent the earliest known flightless birds, a consensus of recent work suggests that they are primitive members of the Maniraptora. Other work found them to be the sister group to the Ornithomimosauria. Alvarezsaurs are highly specialized. They bear tiny but stoutly proportioned forelimbs with compact birdlike hands and their skeleton suggests they had massive breast and arm muscles, possibly adapted for digging or tearing. They have tubular snouts, elongate jaws, and minute teeth. They may have been adapted to prey on colonial insects such as termites.