舱外活动（英语：extra-vehicular activity，简称EVA），也称太空出舱活动，是宇航员在离开地球大气层后于太空飞行器外所做的工作。舱外活动主要在绕行地球的太空飞行器外运行（即太空漫步或称太空行走），但也于月球表面实行（即月球漫步）。在最后几次登月任务的回程中，指挥舱驾驶员曾运行过舱外活动以取回装有影片的金属容器。

舱外活动有分系绳（太空人通过系管与太空飞行器链接，氧气可透过系管传输过来，回到太空飞行器时不需要推进器）和不系绳。当运行系绳活动时支持生命所需机能，如提供氧气，被称作「脐状式」（umbilical）。太空飞行时进行无系绳舱外旅游，确保能返回太空飞行器是必要条件（参见载人机动设备，MMU）。

Extravehicular activity (EVA) is any activity done by an astronaut or cosmonaut outside a spacecraft beyond the Earth's appreciable atmosphere. The term most commonly applies to a spacewalk made outside a craft orbiting Earth (such as the International Space Station), but also has applied to lunar surface exploration (commonly known as moonwalks) performed by six pairs of American astronauts in the Apollo program from 1969 to 1972. On each of the last three of these missions, astronauts also performed deep-space EVAs on the return to Earth, to retrieve film canisters from the outside of the spacecraft. Astronauts also used EVA in 1973 to repair launch damage to Skylab, the United States' first space station.