First, doctors extract stem cells from a patient's fat tissue and take CT scans to determine the exact dimensions of the missing bone.

首先，医生们将病人的 干细胞从脂肪组织取出用断层扫描来确认 骨头破损部位的尺寸大小。

The scientists at BIOMILQ extract those cells from breast milk donations, then encourage them to proliferate indefinitely.

BIOMILQ 的科学家从母乳捐赠中提取这些细胞，然后鼓励它们无限增殖。

They extracted cells, post mortem, from people, chimps and monkeys of many ages, and looked at which genes had been active in these cells when the owners were alive.

他们从不同年龄层的人类，黑猩猩以及猴子尸体上提取相关细胞，然后观察哪些基因在宿主存活时表现活跃。

Dr Gerli and his colleagues, writing this week in Nature Medicine, got over this hurdle by extracting progenitor stem cells from amniotic fluid.

本周， Gerli 博士和他的同事在《自然医学》杂志上撰文称，通过从羊水中提取祖细胞干细胞克服了这一障碍。