This osmotic gradient pulls water out of cells and into the extracellular space.

渗透压梯度使水流出细胞进入细胞外间隙。

They move water out of their cells so that it freezes in the extracellular space.

它们将水移出细胞，这样水就在细胞外空间冻结了。

If hypoxia lasts too long, intracellular edema can lead to cell membrane rupture, causing proteins to leak out into the extracellular space.

如果缺氧时间过长，细胞内水肿会造成细胞膜破裂，导致蛋白质外漏到细胞外。

When the cells become too small for the growing number of bacteria, it bursts, releasing Legionella in the extracellular space, and infect other cells.

巨噬细胞包裹不住增长的细菌时就会破裂，导致军团菌被释放到细胞外并感染其他细胞。

Meanwhile, ion exchangers on the basal surface of the cell move the negatively charged bicarbonate ion into the extracellular space, causing an increase in pH.

同时，细胞基底面的离子交换将带负电荷的碳酸氢根离子移入细胞外，导致pH值升高。

Instead, endocrine glands secrete their hormones directly into the surrounding extracellular space.

相反，内分泌腺直接将激素分泌到周围的细胞外间隙。

They move water out of their cells so that it freezes in the extracellular space.

Weiss：它们将水从细胞中移出，使其在细胞外空间冻结。

As potassium levels decrease in the extracellular space, the magnitude of the potassium gradient across the cell membrane is increased causing hyperpolarization.

随着细胞外钾离子浓度降低，细胞膜上钾离子梯度增加，导致超极化。

Dopamine is then loaded into synaptic vesicles and released by physiological stimuli into the extracellular space where it can bind to dopamine receptors that are expressed on the postsynaptic neuron.

多巴胺随后被装入突触囊泡，并通过生理刺激释放到大脑中与多巴胺受体结合的细胞外空间突触后神经元。