火山爆发指数（Volcanic Explosivity Index，简称VEI）是1982年美国地质调查局的纽豪尔教授（Chris Newhall）和夏威夷大学马诺阿分校的斯蒂芬·塞尔夫提出的量表，以喷出物体积、火山云和定性观测用来量度火山爆发的强烈程度。

火山爆发指数采用开放式尺度，历史上最大型的火山爆发强度为8级，而非爆炸性喷发强度为0级，指数每增1级表示火山爆发威力大10倍。在奥陶纪与更新世之间发生火山爆发指数8级的火山爆发合共有47次，其中42次在过去3,600万年内发生，最近一次是在26,500年前发生的陶波火山爆发。

The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Chris Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self at the University of Hawaii in 1982.

Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations (using terms ranging from "gentle" to "mega-colossal") are used to determine the explosivity value. The scale is open-ended with the largest volcanoes in history given magnitude 8. A value of 0 is given for non-explosive eruptions, defined as less than 10,000 m (350,000 cu ft) of tephra ejected; and 8 representing a mega-colossal explosive eruption that can eject 1.0×10 m (240 cubic miles) of tephra and have a cloud column height of over 20 km (12 mi). The scale is logarithmic, with each interval on the scale representing a tenfold increase in observed ejecta criteria, with the exception of between VEI 0, VEI 1 and VEI 2.