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单词 Expectation Value
释义

Expectation Value

中文百科

期望值 Expected value

(重定向自Expectation Value)

在概率论和统计学中,一个离散性随机变量的期望值(或数学期望、或均值,亦简称期望,物理学中称为期待值)是试验中每次可能结果的概率乘以其结果的总和。换句话说,期望值是随机试验在同样的机会下重复多次的结果计算出的等同“期望”的平均值。需要注意的是,期望值并不一定等同于常识中的“期望”——“期望值”也许与每一个结果都不相等。(换句话说,期望值是该变量输出值的平均数。期望值并不一定包含于变量的输出值集合里。)

例如,掷一枚六面骰子,其点数的期望值是3.5,计算如下:

3.5不属于可能结果中的任一个。

赌博是期望值的一种常见应用。例如,美国的轮盘中常用的轮盘上有38个数字,每一个数字被选中的概率都是相等的。赌注一般押在其中某一个数字上,如果轮盘的输出值和这个数字相等,那幺下赌者可以将相当于赌注35倍的奖金(原注不包含在内),若输出值和下压数字不同,则赌注就输掉了。因此,考虑到38种所有的可能结果,以1美元赌注押一个数字上获利的期望值为:

英语百科

Expected value 期望值

(重定向自Expectation Value)
An illustration of the convergence of sequence averages of rolls of a die to the expected value of 3.5 as the number of rolls (trials) grows.
The mass of probability distribution is balanced at the expected value, here a Beta(α,β) distribution with expected value α/(α+β).

In probability theory, the expected value of a random variable, intuitively, is the long-run average value of repetitions of the experiment it represents. For example, the expected value in rolling a six-sided die is 3.5 because, roughly speaking, the average of all the numbers that come up in an extremely large number of rolls is very nearly always quite close to three and a half. Less roughly, the law of large numbers states that the arithmetic mean of the values almost surely converges to the expected value as the number of repetitions approaches infinity. The expected value is also known as the expectation, mathematical expectation, EV, average, mean value, mean, or first moment.

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更新时间:2025/6/17 9:06:14