Alu组件（英语：Alu element）是人类基因组中一组散在分布的相关串行，每个长约300bp。单个成员的每个末端上有Alu（藤黄节杆菌的缩写）限制酶的切割位点，并由此命名。在灵长类的基因组中存在着大量不同种类的Alu组件。事实上，Alu组件是人类基因组中丰度最高的转座组件。它们源于小胞质7SL RNA，后者是信号识别颗粒的成分之一。灵长总目祖先的基因组中发生了7SL RNA成为Alu组件前体的事件。

Alu的插入与若干遗传性人类疾病及多种癌症有关。

对Alu组件的研究对于阐明人类群体遗传学和包括人类演化在内的灵长类进化来说是十分重要的。

An Alu element is a short stretch of DNA originally characterized by the action of the Alu (Arthrobacter luteus) restriction endonuclease. Alu elements of different kinds occur in large numbers in primate genomes. In fact, Alu elements are the most abundant transposable elements in the human genome. They are derived from the small cytoplasmic 7SL RNA, a component of the signal recognition particle. The event, when a copy of the 7SL RNA became a precursor of the Alu elements, took place in the genome of an ancestor of Supraprimates.