艾克纳函数是大气模型中重要的参数，可以视为是无因次化的气压，定义如下：

其中

The Exner function is an important parameter in atmospheric modeling. The Exner function can be viewed as non-dimensionalized pressure and can be defined as:

where is a standard reference surface pressure, usually taken as 1000 hPa; is the gas constant for dry air; is the heat capacity of dry air at constant pressure; is the absolute temperature; and is the potential temperature.