花粉（pollen）是种子植物的微小孢子堆，成熟的花粉粒实为其小配子体，能产生雄性配子。花粉由雄蕊中的花药产生，由各种方法到达雌蕊，使胚珠受精。

花粉通常是对称的，多为球形；大叶藻（Zostera marina）为线形，念藤属（Alyxia）为鼓状，松科、罗汉松科的许多属具气囊，麻黄属（Ephedra）、百岁兰属（Welwitschia）的花粉多褶。勿忘草（Myosotis sylvatica）花粉最小，约（4～8）×（2～4）微米。锦葵科的许多种、牵牛（Pharbi-tusnil）、芭蕉属（Musa）等为120～150微米；大叶藻（Zostera marina）花粉细长，约（1200～2900）×（3.5～9.5）微米。

Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophytes during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants or from the male cone to the female cone of coniferous plants. If pollen lands on a compatible pistil or female cone, it germinates, producing a pollen tube that transfers the sperm to the ovule containing the female gametophyte. Individual pollen grains are small enough to require magnification to see detail. The study of pollen is called palynology and is highly useful in paleoecology, paleontology, archaeology, and forensics.