Describe the excretory system of the genus Nereis briefly. 简述沙蚕属的排泄系统。
The development of the kidney, the major excretory organ after birth, consists of 3 stages: the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. 肾脏是人体主要的排泄器官,它的发育经过原肾、中肾、后肾3个阶段。
Fluoride is a widely distributed nephrotoxin with exposure potentially resulting from environmental fluorine excess.Kidney is the main excretory organ of fluorine. 肾脏是氟的主要排泄器官,当机体摄入过量氟超过肾的排泄能力时,肾组织细胞就会因处于高氟环境而受到损害。
Perioperative serum creatinine, electrolytes, blood gas, and a follow-up excretory urogram, cystogram, and pathological examination were used to assess the surgical outcome. 手术前后的血清肌酸酐、电解质、动脉血气体分析以及追踪时取得肾盂摄影、膀胱摄影、病理检查来评估手术的结果。
The kidneys are the most important excretory organ.
肾脏是最重要的排泄器官。
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It requires awareness of bladder fullness, self-control to override excretory reflexes, selection of a latrine, and intentional relaxation of the muscles which control the flow of urine.
Excretion is the process by which waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an organism. In vertebrates this is primarily carried out by the lungs, kidneys and skin. This is in contrast with secretion, where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the cell. Excretion is an essential process in all forms of life. In mammals urine is carried out through the urethra and that is part of the excretory system.