在运动学里，欧拉旋转定理(Euler's rotation theorem)表明，在三维空间里，假设一个刚体在做一个位移的时候，刚体内部至少有一点固定不动，则此位移等价于一个绕着包含那固定点的固定轴的旋转。这定理是以瑞士数学家莱昂哈德·欧拉命名。于1775年，欧拉使用简单的几何论述证明了这定理。

用数学术语，在三维空间内，任何共原点的两个座标系之间的关系，是一个绕着包含原点的固定轴的旋转。这也意味着，两个旋转矩阵的乘积还是旋转矩阵。一个不是单位矩阵的旋转矩阵必有一个实值的本征值，而这本征值是 1 。 对应于这本征值的本征矢量就是旋转所环绕的固定轴。

In geometry, Euler's rotation theorem states that, in three-dimensional space, any displacement of a rigid body such that a point on the rigid body remains fixed, is equivalent to a single rotation about some axis that runs through the fixed point. It also means that the composition of two rotations is also a rotation. Therefore the set of rotations has a group structure, known as a rotation group.