Women are typically more at risk than men, because estrogen increases cholesterol stone formation, which is also why use of oral contraceptive pills that contain estrogen increase the risk of cholesterol stones.

相较于男性，通常女性更易患胆系结石，因为雌激素会促进胆固醇结石的形成，这也是为什么使用含雌激素的口服避孕药会增加女性患胆固醇结石的风险。