In the esophagus, this causes esophageal varices or enlarged esophageal veins.

在食管，这会造成食管静脉曲张或者扩张的食管静脉。

And she had a T.I.P.P.S. procedure last month for esophageal varices.

因食管静脉曲张，上月做了颈静脉肝内门体分流术。

In fact, portal hypertension is the most common cause of esophageal varices.

其实门静脉高压症是食管静脉曲张最常见的原因。

If esophageal varices bleed, a medication called octreotide, and procedures like balloon tamponade, sclerotherapy and variceal ligation can be used.

如果食管静脉曲张出血，可使用一种叫做奥曲肽的药物，也可以使用起囊填塞、硬化疗法和静脉曲张套扎等方法。

GI bleeding secondary to esophageal varices can present with hematemesis or vomiting blood, or melena or hematochezia when there's blood in the stool.

食管静脉曲张继发的胃肠道出血可伴有呕血，或粪便中有血，即出现黑便、便血。

So venous blood accumulates downward from the obstruction, causing features like ascites, esophageal varices and bleeding, Caput Medusae, diminished liver function and an enlarged spleen.

因此静脉血从阻塞处向下累积，引起诸如腹水、食管静脉曲张和出血、海蛇头、肝功能下降和脾脏肿大等特征。

Clearly there are esophageal varices, but we don't know what's going on in the gastric varices.

明明有食管静脉曲张，但我们不知道胃静脉曲张是怎么回事。

Prevention of complications can be done with beta-blockers and treatment options include diuretics for ascites, and octreotide, balloon tamponade, sclerotherapy, and a variceal ligation for bleeding esophageal varices.

β受体阻滞剂可以预防并发症，治疗方法包括利尿剂治疗腹水，奥曲肽，气囊填塞，硬化疗法，以及食管静脉曲张破裂时行静脉曲张套扎术。

Labs including full blood count, liver enzymes and serology can be useful to identify the cause and an upper GI Endoscopy can identify esophageal varices in order to treat them appropriately.

包括全血细胞计数、肝酶和血清学在内的实验室检查，可用于确定病因；上消化道内窥镜检查可以识别食管静脉曲张，以便对其进行适当治疗。