人类疱疹毒第四型（英语：Epstein-Barr virus，缩写EBV），又称为EB病毒，是最常见能引起人类疾病的病毒之一。

EBV是在西元1964年由Epstein, Achong 及Barr等人在伯奇氏淋巴瘤病人的细胞所发现。此后被认为和许多疾病有关，全世界有超过90%的人口受到EBV的感染。

在1980年代晚期和1990年代初期，人类疱疹病毒第四型，被认为是一种慢性疲劳症候群(chronic fatigue syndrome)。最近EBV被指出与侵入型乳癌有关。在非洲，EBV与伯奇氏淋巴瘤(Burkitt’s lymphoma)有关联性。

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of eight viruses in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans.

It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever). It is also associated with particular forms of cancer, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), such as hairy leukoplakia and central nervous system lymphomas. There is evidence that infection with EBV is associated with a higher risk of certain autoimmune diseases, especially dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. Some 200,000 cancer cases per year are thought to be attributable to EBV.