环境影响评价（英语：Environmental Impact Assessment）简称环评（EIA），是一项对工程项目等所可能造成的环境影响的评估制度，旨在减少项目开发导致的污染、维护人类健康与生态平衡。目前在许多国家已经执行，理论上属于可行性研究的一部分，但因为环境问题是属于关系到社会所有人群的问题，所以国家要单独控制。

环境影响评价就是对所有新建设的工程，对可能对环境产生的不利影响和需要采取的措施，预先进行一下评估，征求工程所在地居民和地方政府的意见，对原计划进行修改，直到取得一致意见再开始建设。是一种导向性的评价，各个国家对环境影响评价的格式和规范有不同的要求。

See Economic impact analysis for an Economic Impact Assessment. See Environmental impact statement for the report/document produced by the process of Environmental Impact Assessment.

Environmental assessment' (EA) is the term used for the assessment of the environmental consequences (positive and negative) of a plan, policy, program, or project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. In this context, the term 'environmental impact assessment' (EIA) is usually used when applied to concrete projects and the term 'strategic environmental assessment' applies to policies, plans and programmes (Fischer, 2016). Environmental assessments may be governed by rules of administrative procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review.