吃过路兵（En passant）是国际象棋中的一个特殊移动方式，当一方的兵从原始位置向前一步走两格时，如果所到格的同一横线的相邻格有对方的兵时，则后者可以立即吃掉相邻的前者。但是后者要占据原来位置的斜前方那一格，而不是前者原来占据的那格。

可「吃过路兵」的一方必须在对方走棋后的下一步马上吃，否则就永远失去「吃过路兵」的机会。。国际象棋中大部份棋子在吃掉对方的棋子后，会占据对方棋子的位置，吃过路兵是少数未依照此规则的走法。若有一方唯一可行的移动方式是吃过路兵，就一定要依吃过路兵的方式移动。吃过路兵也是国际象棋棋谜中常见的场景之一。

En passant (from French:in passing) is a move in chess. It is a special pawn capture, that can only occur immediately after a pawn moves two ranks forward from its starting position and an enemy pawn could have captured it had the pawn moved only one square forward. Note that the capturing pawn must be on its fifth rank prior to executing this maneuver. The opponent captures the just-moved pawn "as it passes" through the first square. The resulting position is the same as if the pawn had moved only one square forward and the enemy pawn had captured it normally.