网站首页  英汉词典

请输入您要查询的英文单词：

　

单词 Engine cycle
释义

Engine cycle

中文百科

卡诺循环 Carnot cycle

（重定向自Engine cycle）
图一：卡诺循环的温度－熵作图。
图二：卡诺循环的压力－体积作图。
卡诺循环的温度－体积变化
1824年绘制的卡诺热机示意图

卡诺循环（Carnot cycle）是一个特别的热力学循环，使用在一个假想的卡诺热机上，由法国人尼古拉·卡诺于1824年提出，埃米尔·克拉佩龙于1830年代至1840年代扩充，是为了找出热机的最大的工作效率而分析热机的工作过程。

卡诺循环全由可逆过程组成，其中包括：

卡诺热机的热效率只取决于第一个状态的温度T1与第二个状态的温度T2，以及从环境中吸收的热量Q1和放出的热量Q2，

其热效率η=\frac{|Q_1-Q_2|}{|Q_1|}=1-\frac{|Q_2|}{|Q_1|}=\frac{T_1-T_2}{T_1}=1-\frac{T_2}{T_1}。

其热效率恒小于1，只和高温和低温的热源有关，两者温差越大，效率越高。

因存在于现实中的热机都是以不可逆循环来工作，现实中相同状态下没有任何热机的效率可以达到以皆由可逆过程组成的可逆循环来工作的卡诺热机的效率。

英语百科

Carnot cycle 卡诺循环

（重定向自Engine cycle）
Figure 1: A Carnot cycle illustrated on a PV diagram to illustrate the work done.
Figure 2: A Carnot cycle acting as a heat engine, illustrated on a temperature-entropy diagram. The cycle takes place between a hot reservoir at temperature TH and a cold reservoir at temperature TC. The vertical axis is temperature, the horizontal axis is entropy.
A generalized thermodynamic cycle taking place between a hot reservoir at temperature TH and a cold reservoir at temperature TC. By the second law of thermodynamics, the cycle cannot extend outside the temperature band from TC to TH. The area in red QC is the amount of energy exchanged between the system and the cold reservoir. The area in white W is the amount of work energy exchanged by the system with its surroundings. The amount of heat exchanged with the hot reservoir is the sum of the two. If the system is behaving as an engine, the process moves clockwise around the loop, and moves counter-clockwise if it is behaving as a refrigerator. The efficiency to the cycle is the ratio of the white area (work) divided by the sum of the white and red areas (heat absorbed from the hot reservoir).
A Carnot cycle taking place between a hot reservoir at temperature TH and a cold reservoir at temperature TC.

The Carnot cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle proposed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. It provides an upper limit on the efficiency that any classical thermodynamic engine can achieve during the conversion of heat into work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference (e.g. refrigeration) by the application of work to the system. It is not an actual thermodynamic cycle but is a theoretical construct.
随便看

　

英汉网英语在线翻译词典收录了3779314条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2024 encnc.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间：2025/6/22 10:25:19