Let’s start with structural functionalism, which originated with a French sociologist named Emile Durkheim.

我们先从结构功能论说起，结构功能论源于法国社会学家艾弥尔·涂尔干。

Way back in episode 5, we touched on Emile Durkheim’s structural-functionalist approach to deviance.

回到第 5 集中，我们谈到了埃米尔·杜尔凯姆 (Emile Durkheim) 的结构功能主义方法来解决越轨问题。

In addition to defining the Sacred and the profane, Emile Durkheim also looked at religion through the lens of structural functionalism.

除了定义神圣与世俗之外，埃米尔·涂尔干还通过结构功能主义的视角来看待宗教。

To understand how sociologists think about religion, we need to go back to the work of our old friend, French sociologist Emile Durkheim.

要了解社会学家如何看待宗教，我们需要回到我们的老朋友、法国社会学家埃米尔·涂尔干 (Emile Durkheim) 的著作。

It wasn't until the beginning of the 20th century that Emile Durkheim, one of the first modern sociologists, started observing what he called a " Religion of Individualism" a growing focus on individual autonomy as the basis of modern society.

直到二十世纪初，爱米尔•杜尔凯姆，最早的现代社会学家之一，开始研究他所谓的“个体自主性”，日益关注个人自主作为现代社会的基础。