电子数据交换（英语：Electronic data interchange，缩写EDI）是一个文档规范，作为1至2个或多个应用系统间都可以理解的通用接口。他通常用于大公司的电子商务，如发送订单到仓库货跟踪这些订单。EDI有一系列的标准。

1996年, 美国国家标准技术研究所定义EDI为

EDI意味着两个实体间的一系列消息交换，双方既可以是发起人，也可以是接收者。格式化的数据可能通过电信（网络）从发起人传输到接收方，也可以通过电子存储介质传输”。此定义区分了单纯的电子交换和数据交换，说明在EDI场景下，通常的消息接收处理是通过电脑进行的。人工参与仅仅在处理出错，质量审查或一些特殊场景。

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is an electronic communication method that provides standards for exchanging data via any electronic means. By adhering to the same standard, two different companies or organizations, even in two different countries, can electronically exchange documents (such as purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices, and many others). EDI has existed for more than 30 years, and there are many EDI standards (including X12, EDIFACT, ODETTE, etc.), some of which address the needs of specific industries or regions. It also refers specifically to a family of standards. In 1996, the National Institute of Standards and Technology defined electronic data interchange as "the computer-to-computer interchange of strictly formatted messages that represent documents other than monetary instruments. EDI implies a sequence of messages between two parties, either of whom may serve as originator or recipient. The formatted data representing the documents may be transmitted from originator to recipient via telecommunications or physically transported on electronic storage media." It distinguishes mere electronic communication or data exchange, specifying that "in EDI, the usual processing of received messages is by computer only. Human intervention in the processing of a received message is typically intended only for error conditions, for quality review, and for special situations. For example, the transmission of binary or textual data is not EDI as defined here unless the data are treated as one or more data elements of an EDI message and are not normally intended for human interpretation as part of online data processing."