And if you really think about what's happening here, it's fundamentally an electromagnetic force.

如果你们想一下，发生了什么 这根本上是电磁力。

The gravitational forces of the entire mass overcoming the electromagnetic forces of individual atoms, and so collapsing inwards.

整颗恒星的引力克服了原子之间的斥力向内坍落。

In the case of the electron and the positron, for example, they form two photons, massless virtual particles that convey the electromagnetic force.

在这种情况下，比如电子和正电子相遇，它们会形成两个光子，光子是静止质量为零的粒子，是电磁辐射的载体。

So, chemistry is dominated by the electromagnetic force.

因此，化学受电磁力支配。

If we have electromagnetic forces, all of that kind of stuff.

如果我们有电磁力， 所有这些东西。

This process can measure the mass of an object using electromagnetic force.

这个过程可以使用电磁力测量物体的质量。

Photons, carriers of the electromagnetic force, interact with electrons, muons and taus in identical ways.

光子，电磁力的载体，以相同的方式与电子、介子和陶子相互作用。

An electromagnetic force causes the pods to “float” on air inside a series of steel tubes.

电磁力使吊舱在一系列钢管内的空气中“漂浮”。

Induction of an electromagnetic force is so useful, that engineers make coils that are designed to maximize their self-inductance.

电磁力的感应非常有用，以至于工程师制造了旨在最大化其自感的线圈。

But the one thing that we know, when we talk about electromagnetic force, is that unlike charges attract each other.

但我们知道的一件事是，当我们谈论电磁力时，不同的电荷会相互吸引。

So dark matter, it doesn't interact with light or electromagnetic forces which is why we can't see or feel it.

暗物质不与光或电磁力相互作用，这就是为什么我们看不到或感觉不到它。

Unlike the familiar photon, however, which is massless and carries the electromagnetic force, dark photons could potentially carry a mass.

然而，与我们熟悉的无质量并携带电磁力的光子不同，暗光子可能携带质量。

Another question concerns the physical constants on which the different forces rely, such as the fine-structure constant, which determines the strength of the electromagnetic force.

另一个问题涉及不同力所依赖的物理常数，例如决定电磁力强度的精细结构常数。

While we don't know exactly what dark matter is composed of, the leading hypothesis is that it's made up of particles that don't interact with electromagnetic forces.

虽然我们不知道暗物质到底是由什么组成的，但主要的假设是它是由不与电磁力相互作用的粒子组成的。

As we discussed earlier, one would expect that at such high temperatures the strong and weak nuclear forces and the electromagnetic force would all be unified into a single force.

正如我们之前讨论的那样，人们会期望在如此高的温度下，强核力和弱核力以及电磁力将统一为一种力。

Since the strong force only works across such tiny distances, larger atoms with high atomic numbers actually require additional neutrons to overcome the electromagnetic force and maintain stability within the nuclei.

由于强力仅在如此小的距离内起作用，因此具有高原子序数的较大原子实际上需要额外的中子来克服电磁力并保持原子核内的稳定性。

Bosons include photons, which carry the electromagnetic force (and are the particles of light), the aforementioned w boson, the gluons that hold atomic nuclei together via a second, strong nuclear force, and the Higgs.

玻色子包括携带电磁力的光子（ 并且是光的粒子） 、前面提到的 w 玻色子、 通过第二强核力将原子核保持在一起的胶子， 以及希格斯粒子。

They are more excited about having two independent ways of measuring time: atomic clocks, which depend solely on the electromagnetic force governing the electrons' movement; and nuclear clocks, which also obey the strong nuclear force.

令他们更为兴奋的是， 有两种独立的计时方式：原子钟，仅依赖于控制电子运动的电磁力；核钟， 也遵循​​强核力。