别构调节（Allosteric regulation，源自希腊语allos——“其他”、stereos——“固态（物体）”）又称异构调节或是异位调节，是酶活性调节的一种机制，也称为变构调节。其原理为，一些酶除了有活性中心外，还有所谓别构中心，该中心可与配体（有时为底物）结合从而使酶的构象发生改变，影响到酶活性中心与底物的亲和力以及酶的活性。

别构调节的一种常见形式为反馈抑制（终产物抑制），是指某代谢途径中的终产物作为别构抑制剂抑制代谢途径前面限速酶的活性，从而达到维持细胞内一些代谢物浓度平衡的目的。

In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of a protein by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.

The site to which the effector binds is termed the allosteric site. Allosteric sites allow effectors to bind to the protein, often resulting in a conformational change involving protein dynamics. Effectors that enhance the protein's activity are referred to as allosteric activators, whereas those that decrease the protein's activity are called allosteric inhibitors.